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A total of 1,404 Curcuma spp. germplasm accessions, including 1,132 turmeric accessions, are being conserved. Morphological and rhizome characterization were completed for all these accessions, while 800 accessions were characterized for quality traits. A total of 1,067 turmeric accessions were screened for leaf blotch, and 633 resistant accessions were identified.
Six Curcuma accessions representing C. longa and two unidentified species from Assam and Meghalaya were collected.
In the black turmeric trial, accession 751 recorded the highest yield (12.23 kg bed−1), followed by PCC1, BT 162, and NBT 2.
170 open-pollinated seedling progenies were evaluated over two years, and 31 superior genotypes were shortlisted and added to the germplasm.
139 progenies were distributed to AICRPS centres for multi-environment evaluation.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of Acc. 849 vs IISR Prathibha showed key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to terpenoid biosynthesis and mitochondrial metabolism, explaining unique aroma traits.
Integrated transcriptomic-genomic analysis revealed 24,220 high-confidence lncRNAs and trait-associated SNPs.
GoldenLncDB, the first dedicated lncRNA turmeric database, was developed.
The highest fresh rhizome yield (13.56 t ha−1) was recorded under complete organic management (on par with INM). Organic systems enhanced oil, oleoresin, and curcumin contents. Economic analysis showed the highest B:C ratio (2.77) under INM (50% + 50%).
Metagenomic analysis of rhizosphere bacterial communities under different nutrient management practices revealed dominance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Bacillota, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota.
An Integrated Farming System (IFS) model integrating turmeric, fodder, coconut, banana, cowpea, and livestock was developed, generating ₹0.84 lakh net profit per acre and 322 man-days of employment per year, demonstrating strong livelihood potential.
Climate change hotspots for turmeric were identified using SED and SSP scenarios. Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Assam, and Odisha emerged as high-risk regions under future climates.
CTGC studies showed altered gas exchange under elevated CO2 and temperature, with reduced transpiration and photosynthesis under heat stress.
A rapid, non-invasive method for simultaneous estimation of moisture and essential oil with >93% accuracy was developed.
RPA–LFA assay for rapid on-site detection of Pratylenchus spp., with 100× higher sensitivity than PCR, was developed and validated on field samples.
Long-term studies showed a strong influence of variety and crop duration on shoot borer incidence. Rajendra Sonia showed no pest incidence, while Acc. 849 was most susceptible.