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About 668 ginger accessions are being maintained in the field gene bank at the ICAR–IISR Experimental Farm, Peruvannamuzhi, Kerala.
Through a collaborative germplasm exploration with ICAR–NBPGR, RS, Shillong, 11 Zingiber accessions representing seven species (Z. officinale, Z. meghalayense, Z. ligulatum, Z. purpureum, Z. zerumbet, and two unidentified species) and six accessions from other Zingiberaceae genera (Alpinia, Amomum, and Etlingera) were collected.
IISR Navya, a gamma-irradiation–derived ginger mutant, with an average fresh yield of 15.3 t ha−1 and a potential yield of 36.0 t ha−1, along with superior quality traits (dry recovery 18.78%, essential oil 2.7%, oleoresin 6.65%), was recommended for release.
In a bold ginger and high oil ginger CVT conducted at Peruvannamuzhi and Appangala, entry G 2023-16 recorded superior yield and dry recovery at both locations. Entries G 2023-5 and G 2023-6 consistently recorded higher yields across locations.
Comprehensive transcriptome mining identified multiple isoforms of key gingerol biosynthesis genes (KAT5, CHS). A Snakemake-based pipeline generated approximately 800,000 lncRNA sequences, leading to the creation of the GingerLnc Database.
Evaluation of different natural and integrated nutrient management (INM) systems showed significant variation in soil and leaf nutrients, yield, and quality. The highest yield (13.07 t ha−1) was recorded under organic (50%) + bio-inputs, with superior oil and oleoresin content under higher organic inputs.
FAO–IIASA AEZ-based assessment helped identify very high to highly suitable regions for ginger cultivation in the Western Ghats and North Eastern region.
Pythium graminicola and P. myriotylum infecting ginger were identified and characterized.
Crop rotation with cowpea and mustard significantly reduced soil Pythium population and soft rot incidence. Fluopicolide + Fosetyl-Al was identified as an effective new-generation fungicide in reducing Pythium population and soft rot incidence.
Heat and chemical vacuum infiltration treatment method for eliminating Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum from seed rhizomes was optimized. AMF priming reduced soft rot incidence and restricted Meloidogyne incognita penetration. It also enhanced biochemical defenses (peroxidase, catalase, β-1,3-glucanase) and regulated expression of key defense genes (NPR1, TGA, AP2, 4CL, LOX2, AOC).
Endophytes like Bacillus pumilus KG6 and Pseudacidovorax intermedius NCC15 were identified as potent antagonists against P. myriotylum.
Three ginger accessions (NE local 2, GC9, ACC 891) resistant to Meloidogyne incognita were identified. Fluopyram application achieved ~85% nematode reduction and ~3.25-fold yield increase.
Transcriptomic analysis revealed activation of induced systemic resistance-related pathways in Pochonia chlamydosporia primed plants compared to controls.
Low-risk insecticides like chlorantraniliprole and spinosad provided up to 100% control of shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis) in ginger and turmeric. Treatments were non-phytotoxic and safe to natural enemies.