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625 cardamom germplasm accessions are being conserved at the National Active Germplasm Site (NAGS), ICAR–IISR Regional Station, Appangala.
A high-yielding Malabar-type accession was collected from Sullia, Dakshina Kannada (Karnataka).
Morphological and yield characterization of 120 accessions revealed that Accession IC 547164 had the highest bearing tillers, panicles, capsules, and yield. Essential oil content in 75 accessions ranged from 4.19% to 8.89%. GC–MS profiling showed large variation in key aroma compounds, particularly 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate.
Evaluation of 15 moisture-stress-tolerant lines revealed that MS 584058-5 was a high yielder. Among 42 hybrid progenies, 7-2021-14 recorded the highest fresh and dry yields.
Multi-year CVT identified Bold × IC 547219 as the best-performing hybrid and was recommended for release as IISR Sujyothi.
Leaf blight multilocation trials identified IC 349649 with minimum disease incidence. Thrips tolerance evaluation highlighted IC 349362 as superior in growth, yield, and capsule number.
Tissue-specific transcriptome sequencing (seed, leaf, root) revealed key candidate genes (monoterpene synthase 7 & 8, BAHD acyltransferase) involved in α-terpinyl acetate biosynthesis.
Successful cultivation of cardamom was demonstrated in non-traditional low elevation areas (107–150 m MSL) in Sullia under arecanut and coconut systems. Exceptional genotypes grown under such areas have been identified and conserved for adaptability trials.
GC–MS-based chemo-diversity analysis of 22 genotypes revealed distinct clustering patterns. Genotypes such as Mudigere 2, Panikulangara 2, Elarajan, Panikulangara 1, Thiruthalli, and PV2 showed high linalool content, while high α-terpinyl acetate and low 1,8-cineole profiles were observed in these genotypes and in ICRI 2 and IISR Avinash.
Cardamom-flavoured ash gourd candy using vacuum impregnation, yielding superior nutritional, microbial, and sensory quality, was developed.
RT-RPA–LFA assay for rapid, point-of-care detection of cardamom mosaic virus (CdMV) within 40–50 minutes using crude extracts was developed. The assay demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity and was validated across Kerala and Karnataka.
Developed RPA-LFA (CBDV) and RT-RPA-LFA (LCCV) assays for bushy dwarf and chirke diseases in large cardamom. Assays showed equal or higher sensitivity than PCR and enabled on-site detection within 35–45 minutes, supporting clean planting material programs.