Indian Institute of Spices Research
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Technologies transferred
 
Black Pepper
 
Improved varieties
  • Four high yielding black pepper accessions were identified from the germplasm and released as Sreekara, Subhakara, Panchami and Pournami. Sreekara and Subhakara are selections from cv. Karimunda and yield 2677 and 2352 kg (dry)/ha, respectively. Panchami is a selection from cv. Aimpiriyan and is suited for high elevations and yields 2828 kg (dry)/ha. Pournami is resistant to root knot nematode and yields 2333 kg (dry)/ha.
Propagation
  • An improved rapid method (bamboo method) for production of rooted cuttings with a multiplication ratio of 1:40 per annum was developed.
  • A method (pit method) for production of single node rooted cuttings from runner shoots with over 95% success was developed.
  • Technologies were developed for production of disease free planting materials in the nursery through soil solarization and use of biocontrol agents.
  • Protocols were developed for micropropagation of black pepper.
Cropping system
  • A spacing of 2 m x 2 m accommodating 5000 vines/ha trailed on non living standards was optimum for obtaining higher yields in black pepper.
Nutrient requirement
  • Fertilizer schedules for obtaining optimum yields in black pepper, grown in laterite soils were developed.
  • Foliar diagnostic norms for assessing nutrient balance and yield was developed by utilizing Diagnosis and Recommendations Integrated System (DRIS).
Post harvest technology
  • Techniques for preparation of white pepper and green pepper in brine were standardized.
  • Drying black pepper on polyethylene sheets was recommended for obtaining a clean product and less time for drying.
Pest and disease management
  • Integrated disease management (IDM) schedules for Phytophthora foot rot and slow decline diseases involving phytosanitation, cultural methods, biocontrol agents, resistant varieties and chemicals were formulated.
  • Integrated pest management (IPM) schedules were developed for pollu beetle and scale insects, involving shade regulation, spraying insecticides and commercial neem products for Pollu beetle and selective application of insecticides and plant based products and releasing biocontrol agents for scale insects.
  • Integrated nematode management (INM) schedules were developed for root knot and burrowing nematodes infesting black pepper.
  • Techniques were developed for mass multiplication of biocontrol agents of insect pests, nematodes and fungal pathogens.